The case is remanded to 12 November. Yutar presents a new indictment splitting the sabotage charges into two parts. The case is remanded to 25 November. The alleged acts of sabotage are reduced to The defence applies to have the new indictment quashed.
Mandela makes his famous "Speech from the Dock", in which he says he is "prepared to die" for a democratic South Africa. All except Goldberg are sent to Robben Island to serve their sentences. Goldberg, as the only white person convicted in the trial, is held in Pretoria Central Prison. Mandela is forbidden from attending his son's funeral.
Rejects President PW Botha's offers to release him and other political prisoners if they renounce violence. Goldberg, who has been held apart from his comrades for more than 20 years, accepts the offer and is released. Is discharged from the Volks Hospital and held in a cell alone at Pollsmoor Prison, from where he begins communicating with the government about eventual talks with the ANC.
Is transferred to Victor Verster Prison near Paarl, where he is held in the house formerly occupied by a warder. Nelson Mandela meets one of his warders at the cottage at Victor Verster Prison where he stayed until his release in Then, in , Mandela was put on trial for a number of charges. He and seven of his colleagues were sentenced to life in prison. He was a surprise speaker at the conference, where he called for a democratic South Africa. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.
It is an ideal which I hope to live for and achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. Nelson Mandela, at the Rivonia Trial, Mandela meeting with Algerian freedom fighters, Morocco, While underground, he travelled extensively to meet other African leaders and groups fighting for liberation.
Robben Island, South Africa, Prisoners were isolated from the outside world, but could see Cape Town, with its Table Mountain, mere kilometers in the distance. Mandela and his compatriots were sent to a maximum security prison on Robben Island in There were no white prisoners on Robben Island. Mandela spent 18 of 27 years of imprisonment there, held with the other political prisoners who were kept in a separate section.
Mandela mending clothes at Robben Island, He is wearing shorts because black prisoners were not permitted to wear long pants. Mandela and his fellow political prisoners challenged this rule and it was eventually changed. On Robben Island, prisoners faced harsh conditions meant to break their resolve. Black men were forced to wear shorts and sandals, even in winter, while other prisoners could wear pants and shoes.
Political prisoners faced the worst conditions of all. Condemned to hard labour, Mandela and his fellow activists spent more than a decade breaking rocks in a lime quarry. Some prisoners were assaulted and tortured by guards.
Contact with the outside world was almost completely severed. He was denied permission to attend the funeral of his mother, who passed away in , and one of his sons, who died in a car accident in It would be 21 years before he could hold his wife, Winnie Mandela, again. His two young daughters, Zeni and Zindzi, had to wait until the age of 16 to see him. Glass walls separated prisoners from visitors. They talked on phones as guards listened to every word. Letters were heavily censored, with words blacked out if they were not strictly personal.
After prisoners found ways to read blackened content, censors began cutting out large portions of letters, reducing them to shreds. Prisoners breaking stones at Robben Island, They were not allowed to talk or sing while working.
Although these precious letters do not reach [you], I shall nevertheless keep on trying by writing whenever that is possible…. It is some means of passing on to you my warmest love and good wishes, and tends to calm down the shooting pains that hit me whenever I think of you. Neslon Mandela from a letter written to his daughters Zeni and Zindzi Mandela. Despite their treatment, the prisoners on Robben Island continued to resist the apartheid regime in thousands of ways.
Mandela and other prisoners advocated for improved conditions and rights for all prisoners, regardless of race. In , black prisoners secured the right to wear long pants instead of shorts. Eventually, prisoners were allowed to have a desk in their cells, and to read and study. The revelations, made in the Sunday Times newspaper, are based on an interview with ex-CIA agent Donald Rickard shortly before he died. Mandela served 27 years in jail for resisting white minority rule before being released in He was subsequently elected as South Africa's first black president.
Rickard, who died earlier this year, was never formally associated with the CIA but worked as a diplomat in South Africa before retiring in the late 70s. The interview was conducted by British film director John Irvin, who has made a film , Mandela's Gun, about his brief career as an armed rebel, the Sunday Times said. The events leading up the the arrest of Nelson Mandela, on a dark night near Durban in , have always been murky.
As Mr Rickard put it, he was "the most dangerous communist" outside of the Soviet Union, although Mandela always denied being a member of the party. Rumours have circulated for years that the CIA trailed Mandela but the agency resisted previous attempts to shine a light on its alleged involvement in his arrest.
Rickard's admission will bring renewed pressure to declassify documents from the time.
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